1964 Department Of The Army Rifle Marksmanship Field Manual FM 23-71

The 1964 Department of the Army Rifle Marksmanship Field Manual, designated FM 23-71, represents a comprehensive guide to the principles and techniques of rifle marksmanship for military personnel. Released during an era when the United States was heavily involved in the Vietnam War, this manual aimed to provide soldiers with essential knowledge and skills for effective rifle use in combat scenarios.

Key features of the manual include:

1. **Fundamental Principles:** FM 23-71 covers the fundamental principles of rifle marksmanship, emphasizing the importance of precision, accuracy, and speed in firing the M14 rifle, which was the standard issue during that period.

2. **Weapon Familiarization:** The manual provides detailed information about the M14 rifle, including its components, assembly, disassembly, and maintenance procedures. Soldiers were expected to have a thorough understanding of their weapon to ensure its proper functioning in the field.

3. **Shooting Positions:** Various shooting positions are illustrated and explained, ranging from the basic standing position to more advanced positions such as kneeling and prone. The manual emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate position based on the terrain and tactical considerations.

4. **Sight Alignment and Trigger Control:** FM 23-71 places a strong emphasis on sight alignment and trigger control, recognizing them as critical factors in achieving accurate and consistent shot placement. It provides detailed guidance on acquiring proper sight pictures and executing smooth trigger pulls.

5. **Zeroing Procedures:** The manual covers the process of zeroing the rifle, ensuring that soldiers can adjust their sights for optimal accuracy. Proper zeroing is essential for effective engagement at different ranges.

6. **Ballistics and Aiming Techniques:** Soldiers are instructed on the basics of ballistics, including factors such as bullet drop and windage. The manual also provides guidance on adjusting aim based on these factors to compensate for environmental conditions.

7. **Marksmanship Training Programs:** FM 23-71 outlines training programs to develop and maintain marksmanship skills. These programs include both individual and collective training, recognizing the importance of teamwork and coordinated fire in a military context.

8. **Combat Shooting Techniques:** In addition to marksmanship fundamentals, the manual addresses techniques for rapid and effective shooting in combat situations. This includes quick target acquisition, multiple target engagement, and transitioning between different firing positions.

The 1964 Department of the Army Rifle Marksmanship Field Manual, FM 23-71, stands as a testament to the military's commitment to equipping its personnel with the skills necessary for proficient rifle use in the context of the challenges faced during the Vietnam War.