Earth System History 4th Edition By Stanley - Test Bank

1.

Silicon has an atomic number of 14, meaning that all atoms of silicon have

A)

14 nuclei.

B)

14 neutrons.

C)

14 protons.

D)

14 electrons.

Ans:

C

2.

The radioactive isotope of carbon is

A)

carbon 15.

B)

carbon 14.

C)

carbon 13.

D)

carbon 12.

Ans:

B

3.

__________ consist of a unique kind of atom.

A)

Chemical elements

B)

Atomic masses

C)

Molecules

D)

Chemical compounds

Ans:

A

4.

Ionic bonding occurs in

A)

seawater.

B)

halite.

C)

diamond.

D)

graphite.

Ans:

B

5.

__________ precipitates directly from seawater as tiny needle-like crystals, which accumulate on the shallow sea floor as __________.

A)

Calcite; calcite crystals

B)

Halite; evaporite minerals

C)

Aragonite; carbonate mud

D)

Calcite; coral skeletons

Ans:

C

6.

In some places, the strontium ion substitutes for the __________ ion within the calcium carbonate crystal structure.

A)

sodium

B)

calcium

C)

chlorine

D)

carbon

Ans:

B

7.

In the atomic structure of diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded with _________ other carbon atom(s) in the diamond structure shown.

A)

four

B)

three

C)

two

D)

one

Ans:

A

8.

The outermost shell of the chlorine atom, prior to bonding with sodium to form a common mineral (NaCl), contains how many electrons?

A)

8

B)

7

C)

6

D)

5

Ans:

B

9.

Minerals containing the complex ion SO₄^2– are called

A)

sulfides.

B)

sulfates.

C)

oxides.

D)

silicates.

Ans:

B

10.

Of the major mineral groups, the one that is dominant in all igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks is called

A)

sulfates.

B)

carbonates.

C)

silicates.

D)

sulfides.

Ans:

C

11.

Dolomite resembles calcite in many ways, but in approximately half of the sites where there could be calcium ions in dolomite's crystal structure, there is instead a(n) _________ ion.

A)

magnesium

B)

iron

C)

strontium

D)

carbon

Ans:

A

12.

Hematite is an example of the major mineral group called

A)

sulfates.

B)

carbonates.

C)

silicates.

D)

oxides.

Ans:

D

13.

__________ is a kind of igneous rock that is high in silica and contains two types of feldspars.

A)

Granite

B)

Gabbro

C)

Felsic

D)

Basalt

Ans:

A

14.

Coarse grain size (or crystal size) is usually found in

A)

flood basalts.

B)

pillow lavas.

C)

plutons.

D)

tuffs.

Ans:

C

15.

Mud is a mixture of

A)

sand and silt.

B)

silt and clay.

C)

pebbles and sand.

D)

pebbles and cobbles.

Ans:

B

16.

A sedimentary particle that is 1/128 millimeter in diameter is classified as