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1. What is the purpose of univariate descriptive statistics?

	a.	to combine nominal and discrete variables
	b.	to display the essential meaning of variables measured at the interval-ratio level
	c.	to summarize a single variable
	d.	to summarize relationships between many variables

ANSWER:

2. How is a proportion calculated?

	a.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in all categories (n).
	b.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the cases in that category (f).
	c.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in adjacent categories (k–1).
	d.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the total number of categories (k).

ANSWER:

3. An environmental scientist reports that the proportion of lakes in a region that are contaminated by pollution is 0.28. How would this value be written as a percentage?

	a.	0.28 × 1,000 = 280	b.	0.28 × 100 = 28
	c.	0.28 × 10 = 2.8	d.	0.28 × 1 = 0.28

ANSWER:

4. What is the sum of the proportions for all categories of a variable?

	a.	100.00	b.	10.00
	c.	1.00	d.	0.10

ANSWER:

5. Which of the following is preferred for reporting when working with a very small number of cases?

	a.	proportions	b.	fractions
	c.	percentages	d.	actual frequencies

ANSWER:

6. A company has 8 entry-level workers and 4 managers. What is the ratio of managers to entry-level workers?

	a.	4 to 12	b.	1 to 2
	c.	2 to 1	d.	30%

ANSWER:

7. Which of the following explains how to determine the ratio of smokers to non-smokers in a population?

	a.	Add them together and divide by the number of smokers.
	b.	Divide the number of non-smokers by the number of smokers.
	c.	Divide the number of smokers by the number of non-smokers.
	d.	Multiply the number of smokers by the total number of people.

ANSWER:

8. Suppose a city experiences 75 suicides in a year, and its population is 250,000. What is the correct way to calculate its suicide rate?

	a.	suicide rate = (75/250,075) × 1,000	b.	suicide rate = (250,000 × 1,000)/75
	c.	suicide rate = (75/250,000) × 1,000	d.	suicide rate = (1,000 × 75) × 0.50

ANSWER:

9. City A, with a population of 1,567 people, had 34 auto thefts last year. City B, with a population of 34,567, had 40 auto thefts in the same time period. City C, with a population of 156,980, had 70 auto thefts. City D, with a population of 900,880, had 305 auto thefts. Which city had the highest rate of auto thefts?

	a.	City A	b.	City B
	c.	City C	d.	City D

ANSWER:

10. The intervals below represent ages of respondents. Which set of intervals is both exhaustive and mutually exclusive?

	a.	18–19, 19–20, 20–21	b.	18–19, 20–21, 22–23
	c.	18–19, 21–22, 24–25	d.	18–20, 22–24, 26–28

ANSWER:

11. What percentage value corresponds to a ratio of f₁/f₂ = 120/120?

	a.	25%	b.	50%
	c.	75%	d.	100%

ANSWER:

12. In a sample of 2000 Manitoba adults, 80 are currently out of work. What is the correct ratio of working to non-working adults in this sample?

	a.	1.04:1—for every non-working adult, 1.04 are working
	b.	24:1—for every non-working adult, 24 are working
	c.	25:1—for every non-working adult, 25 are working
	d.	80:1—for every non-working adult, 80 are working

ANSWER:

13. In June 2014, the entire province of Manitoba had a population of 985,900 working-age adults, and 668,300 of them were participating in the labour force. What percentage of the working-age population was participating in the labour force?

	a.	0.32 × 100 = 32%	b.	0.48 × 100 = 48%
	c.	0.59 × 100 = 59%	d.	0.68 × 100 = 68%

ANSWER:

14. Which of the following is a requirement for creating a frequency distribution?

	a.	The variable must be measured at the interval-ratio level.
	b.	The variable must have more than two categories.
	c.	The variable’s categories must be mutually exclusive.
	d.	The variable’s categories must be evenly balanced.

ANSWER:

15. Which of the following should be reflected in a frequency distribution?

	a.	a balance of elegance and symmetry	b.	a balance of time and money
	c.	a balance of questions and answers	d.	a balance of detail and conciseness

ANSWER:

Table 2.1 Age of Respondents

Interval	Frequency	Percentage
18–23	5
24–29	21
30–40	10
Total	36

About this item

1. What is the purpose of univariate descriptive statistics?

	a.	to combine nominal and discrete variables
	b.	to display the essential meaning of variables measured at the interval-ratio level
	c.	to summarize a single variable
	d.	to summarize relationships between many variables

ANSWER:

2. How is a proportion calculated?

	a.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in all categories (n).
	b.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the cases in that category (f).
	c.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in adjacent categories (k–1).
	d.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the total number of categories (k).

ANSWER:

3. An environmental scientist reports that the proportion of lakes in a region that are contaminated by pollution is 0.28. How would this value be written as a percentage?

	a.	0.28 × 1,000 = 280	b.	0.28 × 100 = 28
	c.	0.28 × 10 = 2.8	d.	0.28 × 1 = 0.28

ANSWER:

4. What is the sum of the proportions for all categories of a variable?

	a.	100.00	b.	10.00
	c.	1.00	d.	0.10

ANSWER:

5. Which of the following is preferred for reporting when working with a very small number of cases?

	a.	proportions	b.	fractions
	c.	percentages	d.	actual frequencies

ANSWER:

6. A company has 8 entry-level workers and 4 managers. What is the ratio of managers to entry-level workers?

	a.	4 to 12	b.	1 to 2
	c.	2 to 1	d.	30%

ANSWER:

7. Which of the following explains how to determine the ratio of smokers to non-smokers in a population?

	a.	Add them together and divide by the number of smokers.
	b.	Divide the number of non-smokers by the number of smokers.
	c.	Divide the number of smokers by the number of non-smokers.
	d.	Multiply the number of smokers by the total number of people.

ANSWER:

8. Suppose a city experiences 75 suicides in a year, and its population is 250,000. What is the correct way to calculate its suicide rate?

	a.	suicide rate = (75/250,075) × 1,000	b.	suicide rate = (250,000 × 1,000)/75
	c.	suicide rate = (75/250,000) × 1,000	d.	suicide rate = (1,000 × 75) × 0.50

ANSWER:

	a.	City A	b.	City B
	c.	City C	d.	City D

ANSWER:

10. The intervals below represent ages of respondents. Which set of intervals is both exhaustive and mutually exclusive?

	a.	18–19, 19–20, 20–21	b.	18–19, 20–21, 22–23
	c.	18–19, 21–22, 24–25	d.	18–20, 22–24, 26–28

ANSWER:

11. What percentage value corresponds to a ratio of f₁/f₂ = 120/120?

	a.	25%	b.	50%
	c.	75%	d.	100%

ANSWER:

12. In a sample of 2000 Manitoba adults, 80 are currently out of work. What is the correct ratio of working to non-working adults in this sample?

	a.	1.04:1—for every non-working adult, 1.04 are working
	b.	24:1—for every non-working adult, 24 are working
	c.	25:1—for every non-working adult, 25 are working
	d.	80:1—for every non-working adult, 80 are working

ANSWER:

	a.	0.32 × 100 = 32%	b.	0.48 × 100 = 48%
	c.	0.59 × 100 = 59%	d.	0.68 × 100 = 68%

ANSWER:

14. Which of the following is a requirement for creating a frequency distribution?

	a.	The variable must be measured at the interval-ratio level.
	b.	The variable must have more than two categories.
	c.	The variable’s categories must be mutually exclusive.
	d.	The variable’s categories must be evenly balanced.

ANSWER:

15. Which of the following should be reflected in a frequency distribution?

	a.	a balance of elegance and symmetry	b.	a balance of time and money
	c.	a balance of questions and answers	d.	a balance of detail and conciseness

ANSWER:

Table 2.1 Age of Respondents

Interval	Frequency	Percentage
18–23	5
24–29	21
30–40	10
Total	36

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About this item

1. What is the purpose of univariate descriptive statistics?

	a.	to combine nominal and discrete variables
	b.	to display the essential meaning of variables measured at the interval-ratio level
	c.	to summarize a single variable
	d.	to summarize relationships between many variables

ANSWER:

2. How is a proportion calculated?

	a.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in all categories (n).
	b.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the cases in that category (f).
	c.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in adjacent categories (k–1).
	d.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the total number of categories (k).

ANSWER:

3. An environmental scientist reports that the proportion of lakes in a region that are contaminated by pollution is 0.28. How would this value be written as a percentage?

	a.	0.28 × 1,000 = 280	b.	0.28 × 100 = 28
	c.	0.28 × 10 = 2.8	d.	0.28 × 1 = 0.28

ANSWER:

4. What is the sum of the proportions for all categories of a variable?

	a.	100.00	b.	10.00
	c.	1.00	d.	0.10

ANSWER:

5. Which of the following is preferred for reporting when working with a very small number of cases?

	a.	proportions	b.	fractions
	c.	percentages	d.	actual frequencies

ANSWER:

6. A company has 8 entry-level workers and 4 managers. What is the ratio of managers to entry-level workers?

	a.	4 to 12	b.	1 to 2
	c.	2 to 1	d.	30%

ANSWER:

7. Which of the following explains how to determine the ratio of smokers to non-smokers in a population?

	a.	Add them together and divide by the number of smokers.
	b.	Divide the number of non-smokers by the number of smokers.
	c.	Divide the number of smokers by the number of non-smokers.
	d.	Multiply the number of smokers by the total number of people.

ANSWER:

8. Suppose a city experiences 75 suicides in a year, and its population is 250,000. What is the correct way to calculate its suicide rate?

	a.	suicide rate = (75/250,075) × 1,000	b.	suicide rate = (250,000 × 1,000)/75
	c.	suicide rate = (75/250,000) × 1,000	d.	suicide rate = (1,000 × 75) × 0.50

ANSWER:

	a.	City A	b.	City B
	c.	City C	d.	City D

ANSWER:

10. The intervals below represent ages of respondents. Which set of intervals is both exhaustive and mutually exclusive?

	a.	18–19, 19–20, 20–21	b.	18–19, 20–21, 22–23
	c.	18–19, 21–22, 24–25	d.	18–20, 22–24, 26–28

ANSWER:

11. What percentage value corresponds to a ratio of f₁/f₂ = 120/120?

	a.	25%	b.	50%
	c.	75%	d.	100%

ANSWER:

12. In a sample of 2000 Manitoba adults, 80 are currently out of work. What is the correct ratio of working to non-working adults in this sample?

	a.	1.04:1—for every non-working adult, 1.04 are working
	b.	24:1—for every non-working adult, 24 are working
	c.	25:1—for every non-working adult, 25 are working
	d.	80:1—for every non-working adult, 80 are working

ANSWER:

	a.	0.32 × 100 = 32%	b.	0.48 × 100 = 48%
	c.	0.59 × 100 = 59%	d.	0.68 × 100 = 68%

ANSWER:

14. Which of the following is a requirement for creating a frequency distribution?

	a.	The variable must be measured at the interval-ratio level.
	b.	The variable must have more than two categories.
	c.	The variable’s categories must be mutually exclusive.
	d.	The variable’s categories must be evenly balanced.

ANSWER:

15. Which of the following should be reflected in a frequency distribution?

	a.	a balance of elegance and symmetry	b.	a balance of time and money
	c.	a balance of questions and answers	d.	a balance of detail and conciseness

ANSWER:

Table 2.1 Age of Respondents

Interval	Frequency	Percentage
18–23	5
24–29	21
30–40	10
Total	36

About this item

1. What is the purpose of univariate descriptive statistics?

	a.	to combine nominal and discrete variables
	b.	to display the essential meaning of variables measured at the interval-ratio level
	c.	to summarize a single variable
	d.	to summarize relationships between many variables

ANSWER:

2. How is a proportion calculated?

	a.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in all categories (n).
	b.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the cases in that category (f).
	c.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the number of cases in adjacent categories (k–1).
	d.	The number of cases in any category (f) is divided by the total number of categories (k).

ANSWER:

3. An environmental scientist reports that the proportion of lakes in a region that are contaminated by pollution is 0.28. How would this value be written as a percentage?

	a.	0.28 × 1,000 = 280	b.	0.28 × 100 = 28
	c.	0.28 × 10 = 2.8	d.	0.28 × 1 = 0.28

ANSWER:

4. What is the sum of the proportions for all categories of a variable?

	a.	100.00	b.	10.00
	c.	1.00	d.	0.10

ANSWER:

5. Which of the following is preferred for reporting when working with a very small number of cases?

	a.	proportions	b.	fractions
	c.	percentages	d.	actual frequencies

ANSWER:

6. A company has 8 entry-level workers and 4 managers. What is the ratio of managers to entry-level workers?

	a.	4 to 12	b.	1 to 2
	c.	2 to 1	d.	30%

ANSWER:

7. Which of the following explains how to determine the ratio of smokers to non-smokers in a population?

	a.	Add them together and divide by the number of smokers.
	b.	Divide the number of non-smokers by the number of smokers.
	c.	Divide the number of smokers by the number of non-smokers.
	d.	Multiply the number of smokers by the total number of people.

ANSWER:

8. Suppose a city experiences 75 suicides in a year, and its population is 250,000. What is the correct way to calculate its suicide rate?

	a.	suicide rate = (75/250,075) × 1,000	b.	suicide rate = (250,000 × 1,000)/75
	c.	suicide rate = (75/250,000) × 1,000	d.	suicide rate = (1,000 × 75) × 0.50

ANSWER:

	a.	City A	b.	City B
	c.	City C	d.	City D

ANSWER:

10. The intervals below represent ages of respondents. Which set of intervals is both exhaustive and mutually exclusive?

	a.	18–19, 19–20, 20–21	b.	18–19, 20–21, 22–23
	c.	18–19, 21–22, 24–25	d.	18–20, 22–24, 26–28

ANSWER:

11. What percentage value corresponds to a ratio of f₁/f₂ = 120/120?

	a.	25%	b.	50%
	c.	75%	d.	100%

ANSWER:

12. In a sample of 2000 Manitoba adults, 80 are currently out of work. What is the correct ratio of working to non-working adults in this sample?

	a.	1.04:1—for every non-working adult, 1.04 are working
	b.	24:1—for every non-working adult, 24 are working
	c.	25:1—for every non-working adult, 25 are working
	d.	80:1—for every non-working adult, 80 are working

ANSWER:

	a.	0.32 × 100 = 32%	b.	0.48 × 100 = 48%
	c.	0.59 × 100 = 59%	d.	0.68 × 100 = 68%

ANSWER:

14. Which of the following is a requirement for creating a frequency distribution?

	a.	The variable must be measured at the interval-ratio level.
	b.	The variable must have more than two categories.
	c.	The variable’s categories must be mutually exclusive.
	d.	The variable’s categories must be evenly balanced.

ANSWER:

15. Which of the following should be reflected in a frequency distribution?

	a.	a balance of elegance and symmetry	b.	a balance of time and money
	c.	a balance of questions and answers	d.	a balance of detail and conciseness

ANSWER:

Table 2.1 Age of Respondents

Interval	Frequency	Percentage
18–23	5
24–29	21
30–40	10
Total	36

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